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"Żarnowiec" Nuclear Power Plant

cancelledstage: constructionabandonedwritten off

Żarnowiec was the first Polish nuclear power plant, built from 1982 on Lake Żarnowieckie (the village of Kartoszyno) in the Pomorskie Voivodeship as a state investment. The project envisaged Soviet WWER-440 reactors with a combined capacity of approx. 1600 MW, and commissioning of the first unit was planned for 1989. Following the Chernobyl disaster, mounting public opposition and a deep economic crisis, construction was halted, and on 17 December 1990 the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, by resolution of the Council of Ministers, placed the investment - some 40% complete - into liquidation. It is a historical point of reference for Poland's abandonments of nuclear power.

Why it failed

Construction of the plant began in 1982, but after the Chernobyl disaster (1986), growing public opposition and financing problems during the period of systemic transformation, work slowed. On 17 December 1990 the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, by resolution of the Council of Ministers (No. 204), placed the investment "Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant under construction" into liquidation. The reasons cited were its redundancy for the domestic energy balance, doubtful profitability compared with conventional power plants, and safety concerns. At the time work was stopped, construction was some 40% complete; the plant was never finished or commissioned.

How it went

Assessment: settled, as of 15 Jul 2026. This is our reading, not a verdict, and we show it only where a quote from a source listed below stands behind it. Of the four, 2 carry no assessment yet. How to read this section

Deliverynot delivered[5]
Utilisationnot operational[6]
Lossesknown sunk cost · 500 mln USD[6]

A “wiki” mark means the value stands on Wikipedia alone. Our count of independent sources treats it as zero, so read such a place as less firmly documented than the rest of the card – that applies to an outcome row, a figure, a date and a status alike.

commissioning of units / energy produced
Current
0 – elektrowni nigdy nie ukończono ani nie uruchomiono (budowa ~40%) (n/a (project put into liquidation in 1990))
Capacity or target
ok. 1600 MW planowanej mocy (reaktory WWER-440; I etap – pierwszy blok 465 MW w 1989 r.)

Timeline

  1. Construction start31 Mar 1982
  2. Original date1989

Change history

  • 1982stage: construction

Significance

The abandonment of Żarnowiec meant the loss of the first Polish nuclear power plant and of a stable, low-emission energy source on the coast for several decades, as well as the dispersal of a trained nuclear-power workforce. The funds spent on the investment (estimated at approx. USD 500 million in 1990 terms, at roughly 40% construction progress) were largely wasted, and Poland relaunched its nuclear programme only decades later. Today Żarnowiec functions as a symbolic and historical point of reference in the debate over the country's nuclear power.

Sources 6 · 4 independent · 6 archived

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Independence is counted the same way the gate that admits a record counts it: subdomains and titles from one publisher are a single voice, Wikipedia is zero. That is why the number is lower than the number of links. Three is the minimum.

  1. Wikipedia (pl)
    Construction startOriginal dateFailure description
    Construction startRozpoczęcie budowy 31 marca 1982
    Original datePierwotnie planowano uruchomienie pierwszego bloku energetycznego o mocy zainstalowanej 465 MW w roku 1989
    Locationw miejscu zlikwidowanej wsi Kartoszyno nad Jeziorem Żarnowieckim
    Failure description17 grudnia 1990 – Rada Ministrów podjęła Uchwałę nr 204 w sprawie postawienia „Elektrowni Jądrowej Żarnowiec w Budowie” w stan likwidacji
  2. Nukleo.pl
    Progress
    Progressktórej stopień zaawansowania szacowano na 40%
  3. Energetyka2421 May 2021
    StatusStage
    Status17 grudnia 1990 roku Uchwałą Rady Ministrów postawiono Elektrownie Jądrową Żarnowiec w stan likwidacji
    Stagestan zaawansowania prac przy budowie EJ Żarnowiec wynosił ok. 40%, a obiektów zaplecza ok. 85%
  4. gov.pl (Polski Atom, Ministerstwo)
    Investor
    Investor17 grudnia 1990 roku nowy, demokratyczny rząd Tadeusza Mazowieckiego podjął uchwałę o postawieniu inwestycji «Elektrownia Jądrowa Żarnowiec w budowie» w stan likwidacji
  5. Do Rzeczy (Historia)17 Dec 2024
    StatusDelivery
    Status · Delivery17 grudnia 1990 roku niedokończoną elektrownię Żarnowiec postawiono w stan likwidacji.
  6. Wikipedia (en)
    UtilisationLosses
    UtilisationMost of it, including two of the four reactor vessels, were scrapped. The third reactor vessel, along with various other equipment, was bought by a nuclear plant in Loviisa in Finland for training purposes. The fourth is located in a training facility for nuclear industry workers in Paks, Hungary.
    LossesThe total amount of money recovered was about $6 million, compared to the estimated expenditures of more than $500 million.